尽管美国整体自杀率下降，但许多群体的自杀率停滞不前或上升．
尽管美国整体自杀率下降，但许多群体的自杀率停滞不前或上升
适度的下降在国家自杀率自2019年以来,模糊的自杀死亡率的差异非白人种族/民族和其他弱势群体。
2000 - 2018年之间,在美国自杀死亡率上升了35%。在达到峰值14.5每100000人死亡- 50 years-suicide率最高利率在2019年下降了2.1%。但澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究人员警告说,这种下降趋势并没有告诉整个故事的自杀死亡率在美国。
这是因为，根据公共卫生学院澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究人员发表的一篇广泛的综述文章，仔细澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究数据就会发现，自杀率的下降主要是由于白人自杀率的适度下降。
发表在4月版的年度回顾公共卫生审查审查我们自杀趋势和自杀死亡率的根本原因分析。根据国家数据从2000年到2019年(从2020年的初步数据),审查表明,国家自杀率在2019年有所下降,而自杀率上升或保持稳定在所有非白人种族/民族,和数据仍然有限的自杀风险其他弱势群体,比如性和性别少数民族,被监禁的人,和军事成员。
“我看到很多自杀领域的人把这种下降看作是一个积极的信号——它确实是——但我们必须意识到，这是特定于一个群体的，许多其他群体没有经历类似的下降，”流行病学副教授、该综述的资深作者杰米·格拉迪斯说。泰江(SPH 21), SPH明矾和前博士后澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究员的流行病学,是该澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究的审查,以及冈萨洛Martinez-Ales,博士后澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究员的哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院的流行病学。
在所有种族/民族,美国印第安人和阿拉斯加(禽流感)原住民报道自杀率最高,在每100000人33.8和11.0每100000对女性来说,在2017年。相比之下,2017年美国国家利率是男性和女性的22.4和6.1,分别。白人的自杀率是美国第二高的，男性和女性分别为28.2 / 10万和7.9 / 10万，而黑人、西班牙裔、亚洲和太平洋岛民的自杀率要低得多（男性和女性分别为9.9 / 10万和3.9 / 10万）。Despite this suicide mortality is the second and third-leading cause of death for Black and Hispanic populations, respectively, compared to the ninth-leading cause of death for Whites. While research gaps remain, current data also indicates that suicide mortality affects sexual and gender minorities and incarcerated people at far higher rates than the national average, and the toll is also growing among military members.
Measuring suicide rates is uniquely challenging for a variety of reasons. For example, to know that a death was due to suicide requires some certainty about intent, which is often not easy to confirm. Researchers emphasize that the reported rates are likely an undercount of the true suicide toll for these groups, and that discrepancy in reporting may not be equally distributed across racial and ethnic groups. For example, data shows that Black people who die by suicide are less likely than Whites to leave a suicide note or document mental health conditions due to poorer access to care.
Understanding the underlying causes of suicide among all groups is critical, but also difficult, as it is a complex public health issue influenced by multiple biological and social factors. 澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究人员将重点放在群体因素而不是个人因素上，强调结构性种族主义、枪支获取和经济压力都是自杀风险的主要决定因素，以及全国性的阿片类药物流行和社会孤立。
“I hope that we continue to see reductions in the suicide rate as new years of data become available,” Gradus says. “It will then be important to understand what is contributing to these decreases so that we can improve prevention. But we must also be vigilant in focusing on the suicide rates in historically marginalized and vulnerable groups specifically. If these data show anything, it is that it is time to move beyond focusing on one suicide rate for the entire population.”
The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline provides 24/7, free and confidential support for people in distress, prevention and crisis resources for you or your loved ones, and best practices for professionals. 1-800-273-8255