SPH和芝加哥论坛报合作绘制芝加哥的高温风险地图．
SPH和芝加哥论坛报合作绘制芝加哥的高温风险地图
SPH的气候与健康中心与《芝加哥论坛报》合作，为芝加哥人提供可搜索的地图，描绘了他们社区的温度趋势和可用的冷却资源。
Just in time for summer, a recent collaboration between the Chicago Tribune and the School of Public Health’s Center for Climate and Health (CCH) has produced the most comprehensive maps available to date of disparities in heat exposure across Chicago.
在不到两个月的时间里，SPH的一个澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究团队为《论坛报》开发了一个可公开访问的数据仪表板，该仪表板以交互式地图为特色，显示了芝加哥的热暴露、冷却基础设施和与热脆弱性相关的人口统计数据。Tribune reporter Sarah Macaraeg then incorporated content from the dashboard into her story “Mapping a threat: Climate change’s deadly summer heat may deepen disparities in Chicago,” which the Tribune published to its front page on May 28.
除了Macaraeg的全面调查之外，论坛报还在网上发表了另外两篇文章：“可搜索地图”，公众可以在其中探索他们社区的热量差异和冷却资源，以及“我们如何报道芝加哥的热量差异”，Macaraeg详细介绍了地图绘制过程背后的方法。
“在过去，（澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究人员）有时所做的是建立（数据）仪表板，覆盖太阳底下的一切，而它们的效用已经超出了采取重要澳门威尼斯人注册行动的时间框架。“我们在这里所做的是建立一套有针对性的地图，结合多个现有数据集，以确定城市气候适应战略中的差距，这些差距应该首先成为目标，”环境健康助理教授、SPH项目负责人凯文·莱恩说。
Lane’s team included Muskaan Khemani (CAS ’22) and Jason Rundle (SPH’23), research assistants at CCH, as well as Greg Wellenius, professor of environmental health and director of CCH, whose research has shown thousands of U.S. deaths may be attributable to heat each year—not hundreds, as formerly believed.
此前，Macaraeg曾与韦伦纽斯合作过一项澳门威尼斯人注册芝加哥空调使用不平等的调查，之后，他向SPH寻求帮助，希望得到SPH在热图项目上的帮助。
“莱恩博士和他的团队能够快速完成芝加哥论坛报项目，依靠既定的方法和数据集，为大芝加哥地区的居民和政策制定者提供可理解和可操作的公共卫生信息，”促进论坛报合作的SPH创新孵化器idea hub主任Vanessa Boland Edouard说。
The project’s tight turnaround enabled the Tribune to release “Mapping a threat” shortly after Chicago’s mayoral election, drawing attention to the urgent need for the city’s next policy agenda to include a comprehensive heat management plan.
Macaraeg suggested the city’s newly elected Mayor Brandon Johnson should improve upon the strategies of his predecessors, citing the SPH team’s finding that nearly 50% of Chicagoans live more than half-mile’s walk from the nearest of the city’s cooling centers.
“Local knowledge is of the utmost importance to diagnose and examine [climate] adaptation strategies,” says Lane, who is also the SPH lead for the Consortium for Health Effects of Air Pollution Research (CHAIR India), a multi-university collaboration of researchers working to build a modeling tool for air pollution and heat metrics across India. “记者了解当地情况，因为他们在采访，他们与政治家交谈，他们与社区成员交谈。他们可以把你的信息放在正确的背景下，并成为你的科学的倡导者。”
Chicago, like Boston, contends heavily with the urban heat island effect that leads some neighborhoods to heat up more than others. 人口密集的地区，有大量的深色屋顶和沥青，比有更多树木覆盖的绿色地区吸收更多的太阳热量。绘制当地热岛地图，使城市能够制定相应的政策和有针对性的投资，为脆弱的社区降温。
In Chelsea and East Boston, where SPH researchers have measured up to a 7-degree difference between hotter and cooler city blocks, an ongoing project called C-HEAT with the environmental justice organization GreenRoots has led to the installation of trees, water fountains, and white roofs to mitigate heat effects.
根据美国人口普查数据和美国国家航空航天局和美国地质调查局的卫星观测数据，SPH团队计算出超过30万人生活在芝加哥最热的地区，那里的夏季平均地表温度估计比城市平均温度高5到10度。这些地区比芝加哥其他90%的地区都要热，拉美裔居民的比例过高。
Due to the legacy of discriminatory housing practices such as redlining and other forms of structural and environmental racism, communities of color have historically borne the brunt of extreme summer heat. An infamously hot week in July of 1995 resulted in the deaths of more than 700 Chicagoans; 随后的调查显示，死者中不成比例的是低收入者、老年人和黑人。
随着全球平均气温继续攀升，全国各地的城市可能会出现更频繁、更强烈的夏季热浪，但未来的热浪是否会带来过去几个季节的悲惨后果，这是一个悬而未决的问题。
“现在有一种新的推动，特别是在现任政府的领导下，旨在缩短澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究翻译的时间框架。我们现在明白了拥有集中数据系统的价值，这将使澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究人员不仅在美国，而且在全球范围内，花时间分析问题并找到解决方案，而不是仅仅建立一个与许多其他团队的数据集非常相似的数据集，”Lane说，他最近还被任命为共同指导BUSPH-HSPH气候变化与健康澳门威尼斯人注册网站研究协调中心（CAFE）的数据管理核心。“I think opportunities like this show the tip of the arrow in terms of where we can go.”
